Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 8 Articles
The present work aimed at testing the ability of buccal transmucosal drug delivery to provide rapid onset of action compared to other routes. Tramadol an opoid analgesic indicated in severe painful conditions if given by such route may enhance patient compliance. Buccal patch was selected for present study. Bioadhesive buccal patch of tramadol was prepared using various polymers. This patch was evaluated for pharmacokinetics in rabbit and amount of drug absorbed was analysed by HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) method and compared in-vivo with available marketed oral tablets of tramadol. It was observed that tmax of buccal patch was 30 minutes i.e. drug release from patch and absorption into systemic circulation was faster compared to oral delivery of tramadol via tablets which had tmax of 2 hours....
Anastrozole is a non-steroidal aromatase-inhibiting, used for treatment of breast cancer. The present study describes the formulation of a controlled release microparticulate drug delivery system containing anastrozole, using poly (D,L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Microspheres of anastrozole were prepared using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique and effect of critical process parameters and formulation variables were investigated. The parameters such as percentage of initial drug loading, concentration of stabilizer and stirring speed of microsphere preparation were varied to study their effect on the particle size and geometry of the microspheres obtained. The results indicated that the morphology of the anastrozole PLGA microspheres presented a spherical shape with smooth surface, the particle size was distributed from 133 to 89µm and the drug encapsulation efficiency was influenced by homogeneous rotation speed and the polymer concentration in the oil phase and the molecular weight of the polymer. These changes were also reflected in drug release. Selecting an appropriate level of the investigated parameters, spherical microparticles with encapsulation efficiencies higher than 90% and a prolonged anastrozole release over 30 days were obtained....
Aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of combination of hydrophilic polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) and Gellan gum on extended release behavior of Metformin hydrochloride using full factorial design. Extended release matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. A 32 full factorial design were applied to carry out systematic studies. Content of PEO (X1) and content of Gellan gum (X2) were selected as independent variables. The percent drug release at 1 h (Q1), time required for 50% (t50) and 80% (t80) drug release were selected as dependent variables. Optimization studies were carried out by using the Design Expert software (version 8.0.1). The release data were subjected to various release kinetic models and also compared with those of a commercial brand. The physicochemical characteristics of all the granules and tablets were satisfactory. The values of dependent factors Q1, t50 and t80 are strongly dependent on the independent variables. The value of similarity factor indicate that there is no significant difference in drug release profiles of market formulation and formulation PG8 (f2=94.3). Formulation showed combine mechanism of drug release diffusion control release and anomalous effect. The results of storage-stability showed that optimized formulation was stable for at least 6 months under stress condition (40°C±2°C, RH 75%±5%). Use of Gellan gum along with hydrophilic polymer PEO effectively controls the initial rapid release and extends the drug release of a highly water soluble drug such as Metformin hydrochloride by formation of strong and stable gel layer....
The purpose of present investigation is to develop HBS tablet of Ketoprofen (KTF) for sustained delivery system. Prepared HBS tablets shows better characteristics in term of physical properties. Our basic purpose was to study the effect of release modifier polymers with incorporation of low viscosity sodium alginate. Tablets were prepared by using direct compression technique. Formulation F1 shows burst effect without addition of any release modifier but with addition of release modifier polymer formulation F2 and F5 shows better profile. Zero order release kinetics was obtained from the formulations. Our results suggests that the Sodium Alginate LV (SA) and in combination with HPMC is an excellent material for stomach specific sustained delivery of KTF from hydrodynamically balanced single unit tablets....
The aim of the present investigation was to design and develop a novel microemulsion (ME) based transdermal drug delivery system of highly water soluble drug, verapamil HCl (VPLH) to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Microemulsion based transdermal formulation was used to circumvent barrier properties of stratum corneum due to its lower droplet size as well as permeation enhancing effects. VPLH loaded water droplet are dispersed in oils (W/O) MEs were optimized using Box - Behnken design with amounts of oil (Capmul MCM), surfactants mixtute (Span 80 and ethanol) and water as independent variables. The critical responses; globule size, viscosity, cumulative amount of drug permeated across abdominal skin of goat in 24 h (Q24) and lag time (tL) were identified and probed as dependent variables. The optimized batch of VPLH loaded ME was further converted into microemulsion based gel (MBG) in order to increase patient compliance. The results of in vitro permeation of the optimized batch of VPLH loaded MBG revealed significant increase in permeability parameters as compared to its convention gel formulation. The values of flux (Jss) for optimized batch of VPLH loaded MBGs (0.5214 mg/cm2h) revealed 12.08 cm2 area requirement in order to obtain the desired input rate of VPLH within 24 h application. All these results suggested suitability of W/O type MEs as carriers for transdermal delivery of highly water soluble drug, VPLH....
The aim of the present study is to design and develop a bilayered gastro retentive tablets containing Glipizide and Metformin hydrochloride by using a natural gum for the effective usage of diabetes disorders. The compatibility studies were confirmed by I.R spectral studies. Different bilayered floating tablets were formulated using Glipizide in the immediate release layer and Metformin hydrochloride in the sustained release layer by direct compression method. The weight variation, friability, hardness, swelling index and drug content of the tablets were found to be satisfactory. The release pattern for all the formulations followed zero order kinetics and ascertained peppas mechanism, further it was observed that the release profile from the gum kondagogu (grade-2) was governed by predominant non fickian diffusion (p>0.5). Of all the formulations, the formulation F5 was considered as the best formulation since it produced 93.04%of the Glipizide drug release at the end of 25 minutes and 97.44% of Metformin hydrochloride at the end of 12 hours. The individual layer assessment in the floating bilayered tablet indicated that there was no severe impact of Metformin hydrochloride on Glipizide leading to toxic effects well maintaining the therapeutic levels with Glipizide activity on the excess blood sugar levels .In vivo radiographic images of rabbits abdomen on F5 revealed that the tablets floated within 10 minutes and the gastric residence time was found to be more than 10 hours. The results suggested that the gum kondagogu act as a natural release retarding agent further indicating their floating nature....
In the present study matrix and triple layer matrix tablets of Isosorbide Mononitrate (ISMN were formulated by using guar gum as the matrix forming agent and Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (SCMC) as barrier layers. The prepared tablets were analyzed for their hardness, friability, drug content and in vitro drug release studies. Marked differences in dissolution characteristics of (I3) and (I3L3) were observed and showed a significant difference statistically. Mean dissolution time (MDT) for I3 and I3L3 were found to be 4.61h and 12.76h, while dissolution efficiency (DE8%) decreased, indicating that the release of ISMN is slower from triple layered matrix tablets. The finding of the study indicated that the matrix tablets prolonged the release, but predominantly in a first order kinetics. Layering with SCMC granules on the matrix core, provided linear drug release with zero order kinetics. The triple layered matrix tablets (I3L3) shows precise controlled release of the drug than that of plain matrix tablets (I3). FT-IR and DSC studies confirmed that there was no chemical interaction between drug and excipients used in the formulation....
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been actively investigated as the next generation of targeted drug delivery due to their unique purposes. The purpose of targeted drug delivery is to deliver drug directly to the desired site under various conditions and thereby treat the diseases deliberately with no side effects on the other body organs. The use of magnetic nanoparticles depends largely on the preparation process to select optimal conditions and election agents to modify their surface. In this review we have focused on describing the synthetic methods for the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles and their application in the field of biomedicine. The way by which the properties of MNPs are controlled and used with reference to Magnetic separation of labelled cells and other biological particles, Therapeutic drug, gene and radionuclide deliver ,Radio frequency methods for the catabolism of tumors, Contrast enhancement agents for magnetic resonance imaging applications. This review focused on the synthesis of MNPs, and application of MNPs in biomedicine...
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